Science

Cosmic Baby Boom

Cosmic census: The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Observatory in the northern Chilean Andes is helping to reconstruct the history of star formation in the Universe. With its transportable antennas, most of which are twelve meters in size and operated in a network, it is the world’s most sensitive instrument for detecting short-wave radio radiation. Recently, it has set its sights on the constellation of Fornax. There, the Hubble Space Telescope had acquired the deepest image of the universe: the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with around 10,000 galaxies many billions of light years away. For this purpose, individual photos from the years 2002 to 2012 with a total exposure time of 600 hours in infrared, visual and ultraviolet wavelengths were added. ©ESO/B. Tafreshi (twanight.org); NASA, ESA, H Teplitz, M Rafelski (IPAC/Caltech), A Koekemoer Koekemoer
 
About ten billion years ago, a large number of stars formed at once. Since then the birth rate has been falling – and in the meantime a kind of cosmic twilight state has begun.

by THOMAS BÜHRKE

The constellation Fornax (Chemical Furnace) consists of only a few faint stars. But cosmologists found the proverbial philosopher’s stone there. Precisely because no bright stars disturb the view of space here, the constellation in the southern sky was a focal point of the Hubble Space Telescope. Between September 2003 and January 2004, he took the farthest-reaching photo of all time: the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). With an entire

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